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Laxmi Rawat , R. K. Luna , Deepak Kholiya , S. K. Kamboj

Abstract

The biomass and nutrient distribution in Acacia catechu Willd. Plantations of Punjab has been studied at six sites of different ages (20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 32 years). The biomass ranged from 39.4 kg tree^-1 to 738.98 kg tree^-1 and from 77.29 to 223.46 t ha^-1 in all these sites. Productivity ranged from 2.57 t ha^-1 yr^-1 (at 32 yrs) to 9.31 t ha ^-1 yr^-1 (at 24 yrs). The contribution of individual tree components to total biomass varied as: leaf 1.41 to 4.29%; twig 2.92 to 6.31%, branch 10.95 to 19.98%, bark 6.65 to 10.69%, ischolar_main 15.29 to 20.61% and bole 42.86 to 56.33%. The per cent contributions of all tree components in all the sites were in the order of bole > ischolar_main > branch > bark > twig > leaf. Prediction models have been worked out by using allometric regressions. Among prediction variables tried D²H were found the most reliable parameters for prediction of biomass. In all these regressions, the biomass of the tree components has been taken as dependent variable and shows significant correlation coefficient confirming linear relationship The amount of various nutrients varies from N- 482.19 to 1041.04 kg ha^-1, P- 30.32 to 92.72 kg ha^-1, K- 194.81 to 767.05 kg ha^-1, Ca - 523.3 to 1425.59 kg ha^-1 and Mg - 27.27 to 80.13 kg ha^-1, respectively. The percentage contribution of different nutrients to total nutrients are as; N (29.78 to 35.61%), P (1.61 to 2.76%), K (11.36 to 22.79%), Ca (38.64 to 54.86%) and Mg (2.01 to 2.61%), respectively. Nutrient losses through complete harvesting have been discussed and some suggestions have been given to replenish the nutrient loss and improve the site productivity.

Keywords

Acacia Catechu Willd., Plantations, Biomass, Productivity, Nutrient Retention, Shiwalik
Hills, Punjab

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Laxmi Rawat

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No abstract

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Vijay Rawat , Laxmi Rawat

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Few global issues have received more attention than climate change in recent years. Amidst all the discussion about the greenhouse effect one fact is certain; atmospheric CO₂ levels are rising. Forests are both source and sink of carbon dioxide. Carbon can be managed by increasing the efficiency of primary energy conversion and end use so that fewer units of primary fossil energy are required, secona approach is to substitute lower-carbon or carbonfree energy sources. Carbon sequestration could represent a third approach, which can be defined as the capture and secure storage of carbon in a system. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through its Kyoto Protocol attempts to stabilize the emission of green house gases wherein emission and capture of Carbon dioxide through Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) has been recognized. A new set of definitions related to forestry for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol has been finalized. Plantation forestry and trees out side forest offers enormous opportunity for carbon capture in India. Assuming that the present forest cover of the country will sustain itself with annual increase in area of plantation, regeneration of degraded forests and afforestation programmes and it is expected that Indian forests will continue to act as net C sink in future. Considerable amount of carbon credits can also be earned through the carbon sequestered by these plantations under the provisions of Kyoto Protocol.

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Laxmi Rawat , M. S. Bisht

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No abstract

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Laxmi Rawat

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Dehra Dun (Doon Valley), the capital of Uttaranchal has been experiencing tremendous changes in its climate since last many decades. The population and number of vehicles in the valley have been increasing day by day, ultimately causing changes in its weather and climate patterns. The effect of changing climate has direct impacts on its atmospheric conditions and water resources. This article deals with changes in temperature and rainfall patterns in Doon Valley during last seventy two years (1931-2002). The variability in decadal temperature has been the highest during 1991-2000, although there is no difference in average temperature during last 3 decades. Rainfall during last 72 years has shown swinging pattern till 1979, but the rainfall has been below normal (2015.9 mm) in continuous 5 years during eighties and continuous 6 years during nineties. 1991 has received the lowest rainfall (1288.1mm) in 72 years. The article also reports increase in population in the valley in last 60 years and vehicular concentration on Dehra Dun - Delhi highway.

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Laxmi Rawat

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No abstract

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Laxmi Rawat , Vijay Rawat

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The course of annual, monthly and seasonal rainfall of New Forest has been discussed along with its variability, frequency, intensity over a period of 60 years (1931-1990). Annual rainfall at decadal intervals and 2 blocs of 30 years, extremes of rainfall recorded, variability of rainfall - monthly and seasonal; rainfall frequency -monthly and seasonal, rainfall intensity -annual, monthly and seasonal; temporal variation of frequency of rainy days have been analysed and discussed.

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Laxmi Rawat

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In agriculture and forestry, climatic information has as much importance as in other fields. From the time the seeds are sown until plants are harvested and stored, crops more or less depend on weather, particularly during certain critical periods in their growth. The appropriate practice ofagroforestry depends upon combination of climate and other factors. The systematic intercropping of trees and shrllbs with agricultural crops changes microclimatic conditions, which have reciprocal consequences on productivity. Shelterbelts and mulches modify a number of meteorological variables, thereby increasing yield of the crop. A number of studies highlighting these influences of shelterbelts and mulches on microclimate and yield are reported in this article.

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B. K. Subba Rao , Laxmi Rawat

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The paper reviews the recent research advances in forest microclimatology in India. Most of tbe studies have been carried out in forest plantations at F.R.I., Dehra Dun and natural sal forests nearby. Salient results of the studies have been brought out.

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Laxmi Rawat , Nishita Giri

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No Abstract

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P. K. Pande ¹, Laxmi Rawat ²

Affiliations
1 Wood Anatomy Discipline, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006., IN
2 Ecology and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006., IN

Abstract

The paper deals with the variations in wood-properties in pith and peripheral region of the trunk of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. to understand the extent of genetic control on the different wood-properties during the early phase of tree growth for early selection of different genotypes and also for juvenile wood properties. The study was conducted in seed raised plantations of Dalbergia sissoo at four sites located in three forest divisions of Punjab namely Amritsar, Hoshiarpur and Ferozepur, representing three agro-climatic zones of the State, twelve trees of different diameters of similar age of 27 years were selected for the study. Five transverse discs of 10 cm thickness were cut out from the trunk of each of the 12 trees at 2 m, 4 m, 6 m, 8 m and 10 m heights to cover the vertical variations. The pith and peripheral (outer most) wood from the each disc of all the trees were considered for the collection of wood anatomical data and specific gravity. The variance ratio (F) test indicated that variations among the trees of pith wood were significant for trees for fiber-inter- tree variations even at the early phase of tree growth for these wood traits, indicating fiber-length and specific gravity are highly under genetic control and can be used for early selection of genotypeslength and specific gravity only. This shows that variations were significant among different trees and non-significant due to vertical and peripheral direction except specific gravity for vertical direction for peripheral wood.

Keywords

Fiber Dimensions, Vessel Element' Dimensions, Specific Gravity, Pith

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Laxmi Rawat ¹, S. K. Kamboj ¹, Arun Kandwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Ecology and Environment Division Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted in Eucalyptus hybrid (safeda), Dalbergia sissoo (shisham/tahli), Acacia catechu (khair), Populus deltoides (poplar) plantations of different ages at different sites in Punjab. Biomass was calculated on the basis of complete tree harvesting method (stratified mean tree technique method). Biomass Expansion Factors (BEFs) and ischolar_main-to-shoot ratio (R) of 4 tree species were calculated. Sample trees of Eucalyptus hybrid were of 18, 28 and 30 years of age. BEFs for 3 age series were as 1.39 for 18 years, 1.23 for 28 years and 1.31 for 30 years. Similarly R values assessed were 0.19, 0.15 and 0.17 at 18, 28 and 30 years, respectively. Sample trees of Dalbergia sissoo had age series of 25, 27, 29 and 33 years. BEF assessed for 4 age series were 1.96, 1.64, 1.44 and 1.62 and R values assessed as 0.36, 0.41, 0.26 and 0.37 respectively. Similarly Acacia catechu trees had age series of 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, and 32 years. BEF calculated for Acacia catechu series were1.51, 1.66, 1.49, 1.50, 1.63 and 1.98, respectively and R values as 0.28, 0.22, 0.20, 0.23, 0.26 and 0.22, respectively. Populus deltoides was studied in the farmer's field. The age of plantation was 7 years, BEF and R value for P. deltoides were assessed as 1.47 and 0.12, respectively.

Keywords

Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF), Root-to-Shoot Ratio (R), Eucalyptus Hybrid, Dalbergia Sissoo, Acacia Catechu, Poplar Deltoids, Punjab, India.

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Laxmi Rawat ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Ecology & Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Manoj Kumar Riyal ¹, Nikhil Kumar Rajput ², Vinod Prasad Khanduri ¹, Laxmi Rawat ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Forestry, VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, IN
2 Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Zipf's law is ubiquitous in a language system, which establishes a relation between rank and frequency of characters or words. In the present study, it is shown that the distribution of character frequencies for Garhwali language follows Zipf-Mandelbrot law. Garhwali language is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India (northwestern Himalayan belt of India). The present communication examines the rank-frequency distribution by generalization of Zipf-Mandelbrot law in Garhwali language having limited dictionary size. The study shows that the distribution of character frequencies of consonants (with matras), vowels (including vowels with consonants in shape of matras) and all characters (including vowels and consonants without matras) for continuous Garhwali corpus follows Zipf-Mandelbrot law.

Keywords

Garhwali, Frequency, Rank, Zipf’s Law, Zipf–Mandelbrot Law.

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Laxmi Rawat ¹, Ankit Tewari ¹, T. S. Bisht ², Shambhoo Prasad ¹, Vikas Yadav ³

Affiliations
1 College of Forestry (V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry), Ranichauri (Uttarakhand), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry), Ranichauri (Uttarakhand), IN
3 Central Horticultural Experiment Station (ICAR CIAH), Vejalpur, Panchmahals (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2016 at Research B-Block, Plant Pathology Division, College of Forestry, Ranichauri, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry. The treatments included bio-agents applied through seed bio-priming alone or in combination with FYM colonized by bio-agents and fungicide (seed treatment with fungicide carbendazim) for assessment of morpho-physiological traits and disease management in barnyard millet var. PRJ-1. Maximum number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, number of effective tiller plant^-1, plant height, number of fingers ear^-1, ear length, ear diameter, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield plant^-1 and grain yield was recorded in treatment T₅(Seed bio-priming with Trichoderma asperellum Th-14+FYM colonized by Th-14) followed by T₈ (Seed bio-priming with Pseudomonas fluorescens Psf- 4+FYM colonized by Psf-4)while, minimum was recorded in T₁₀ (control). Similarly T₅ (Seed bio-priming with Trichoderma asperellum Th-14+FYM colonized by Th-14) also showed minimum days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and disease (Sheath blight and brown leaf spot) incidence than other treatments including control. From the present investigation, it may be concluded that the tested bio-agents applied through seed bio-priming alone or in combination with FYM pre-colonized by bioagents enhanced the growth parameters, yield and its contributing traits as well as reduced disease severity in barnyard millet (var. PRJ-1) though the performance of the treatment T₅ (Seed bio-priming with Trichoderma asperellum Th-14+ FYM colonized by Th-14) was found better among all the treatments for most of the parameters studied under present environmental materials and conditions.

Keywords

Bio-Priming, Disease Management, Bio-Control Agent.

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